Means for testing eyes



'Aug. 17 1943.

J. F. NE UMUELLER MEANS FOR TESTING EYES Filed Oct. 13, 1941 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 Julius E NEUMUEL INVENT BY -0/ M TORNEY 17 1943- J. F. NEUMUELLER MEANS FOR TESTING EYES Filed Oct. 13, 1941 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 JULIUS F. NEUMUELLER INVENTOR s eelis being a 2040 stimuli, the 24 being the 20- -30 stimuli'and thel25 being the 2020 stimuli. The stimuli '23, 24 ancl'25 in the respective blocks I4 areiviewed separately by the respective eyes and are intended for use in vcheckshown two large'relatively heavy circles 33 which constitute peripheral fusable means. Within these circles 33 there are smaller circles 34 which constitute central fusable means. "In the ingsingle binocular-visual'acuity of the'two 3 eyes. This is broughtabout through the tendfusable means ILS an dHIS and thet -central fusable means 20,1] and-22as thecase may beaswell as the specific stimuli being viewed. a

If the individual is able to accurately statethe vdirection in which the branches of the'of. the

stimulus}?! are disposed his visual acuity roughly "estimated as 2020 off thexnorm standard. If he is unable'rto accurately "stat these directions and can only accurately state" the direction ordisposition of the'.branches,of.. the E'of the stimulus 24 his vision is estimated as approximately '2030 and likewise 20%0 for the stimulus 23. ln-order to beinuav normal class L in this respect hisvisual acuity must \be, 20L-'-20.

'ency of the two eyes to [fuse q the peripheral circle 34 for the left e e there is a. vertical line 35 and inthe circle 34 for theright eye there 'is a horizontal line 36. Iffthe individual has singlebinocula vision he will report vision of the circle 34 with the'axis lines 35 -and36cross- The blocks 15, l6:and' l'l are divided intoutwo sections 23- and 2?. ,The, respectiveblocks 26 have a *plurality of circles' 23-, therein which constitute central fusablefmefansy The respective v sections 21have circleslf'i iii-oi similar dimensions adapted to "be respectively fused by thetwo eyes.

21 andwiti'iin'the respective circles za'wimmme sections 26 there is placedthelvisual stimuli: 30,

3|. and: 32.5 Theistimuli 30 are of the 20- 40 -Withinthe'circ1es- 9 of the respectivelsections type; the fstimuli 31a of ..the2030 typean'd the .3

stimuli 32 of the 204-20 type. V

The stimuli within thej circles 29: are 'visible onlyto th'e'leiteye and thef stimuli 'inthe circle 23 arevisible only to theright eye; -During the" check, the respective circles 29, and the blocks [5, i3 and H are adapted to 'fu sewith' each other-and the circles 28 within the respective blocks i5, 15 and are'xlikewiseadapted to fuse with-each other. v if he sees-visual stimuli in all o-f said circles. If

The individual is then a'sked he sees only visual stimuliin'the left handside er the bloc ks i5, i6 and "the examiner immediately knows thatthevisual'acuity of his" righteye is deficientand if he reports only Vision of ingeachbther to produce a crossima'ge. If the that the images 31 'arecloser to each other than the images 38 which? produce the-efiectdesired,

.r Reviewmg' the above; therefore, if. the individ- -ual'hassingle binocular vision helwills'ee the circular images 34 in fused relation with-each'other with the lines 35' and 138' producing, the cross image indicating that the patient sees with both eyesat'the same time.) If thee-individualhas stereopsis the images 3 7 and38 will appear fused 'with each other with the images 3i'appearing in. a plane'closer to the :individual than the Vimages385lnthisqmannerjthe examiner may quicklydetermine the existence of single binocular vision-and the existence .ofstereopsi's. i

The above respective; chart areas ll land t2 therefore" provide means for a'quick check of binocular visual acuity j through the use of the test means? within'the respective ..blocks Mlehe check of, monocular visual -i acuity in the presence ofbinocular-fixationimeans bythe use-of the test'means'within the, blocks l5, l6 and I1 and thetest of single binocular vision by'the use of; the test meanswithin the respective blocks l8. .Thetest ioristereopsis'is obtained through the provisionlof the respective ifusablemeans 31 and 38. Theseconstitute a check of the major'visual faculties of the eyes andin this man.-

7 her. each individual may- .be quickly jand'ea'sily the stimuli-T in the right side of the "blocks 15; 16 v and ii the examinerimmediately-knows that the visual acuity-of his left 'eye is deficient.

Thisiprovides ,monocular test of the respective eyes and the visual acuity" is determined -by th e accuracy of hisfreportsfas to thefdirectionin which the branches of the E 'ottherespective stimuli are disposed in each of said blocks. If

he is capable of only accurately stating the;

direction of a disposition of the branches 'of the E mthe'bloek [5 he has, 20-40 vision; if he can accurately state the disposition of Qthe branches 'ertg Ein the block it he hesi2cfeo vision and. i he can accurately state the disposition .cf tljiebranchesE in the block ll he has checkedv for-any one of said'definciencies in which instance:thesin'dividuals having a visual deficiency may beiiisolated from: those who have normal vision;.- The i-isolatedx individuals of course can "be checkedifor the particular; deficie'nc'y and the extent of the sameis' to be determihed a, subsequent detaile'd: re' examina tion- :H. ,rhv l" --The arrangement of spacing, of the lenses,

powers-i oi the.( lenses, distance; of "the" fixation charts for .therespective eyesandJ- distance bee tween component or corresponding parts oflsaid charts and pronounced peripheral jfusable means are all so related with each 'other asto :tend to 20 2-li-vision; In this manner the visual acuity of the respective eyes maybe determined, It

. might be that he can detect-eall of the Esin o both of the d light and left hand block s I 5 .in

eyes. if 'hecan only ,detect the right or left ich instance'he has 20 vision for the both stimuli in the bloclg IS the examiner knows; that he has zile- -iiQ vision-in the*riglit er' left eye as the case may lbe lil'rewise with; thestirnuli in the blockiL] This provides a V y sim e @I iq jqui'ck means 10f detectingthe visual acuity of each eyeseparately; Inf-{I re'blockgjt' thereiis remove, all accommodative eifortffroinlthe eyes [during fixationflby-nmore accurately or more closely simulatingiinfinityl fixation conditions.

From j the foregoing descriptions itwill be seen ethatiusimple, efiicientwandz economical means and l Having; described 1 my f invention, 1 claim test devi z r m ris s mean a pted to be;viewed byfeach respectiveeye under ,con'

methods. have been vprovided: roe; accomplishing 'all:.of;theobjectsandadvantages of the, invenditiQnSfNVhiChiGnd-to relax vaecomrnodation, said means; each comprising rel t vely pron u ced pennheralffusable stimuli so spaced jrelati ve to 

